To cite this document: Simon Wong and Paul Cooper, "Reliability and validity of the explanatory sequential design of mixed methods adopted to explore the influences on online learning in Hong Kong bilingual cyber higher education", International Journal of Cyber Society and Education, Vol. According to researchers (e.g., Creswell & Clark, 2017) there are two types of sequential designs of mixed methods research. Integration: In the literature on mixed methods research, integration is defined as the process of bringing (mixing) qualitative and quantitative approaches together and can be achieved at the level of the design (e.g., sequential and convergent designs), the methods (data collection and analysis), and the interpretation and reporting 35, 36. These quantitative findings provide implications for the qualitative phase of the mixed methods as a follow-up to explore the cause–effect relationship between the variables and the students’ learning in cyber education. So far, the major findings of this research using the mixed methods are presented in Wong’s (2015) quantitative phase, which revealed that students’ English proficiency exhibits the largest effect while online instructor guidance and online collaboration have a moderate effect on the students’ learning in cyber education. The  reliability and validity of research, which have been discussed in both quantitative research and qualitative research, have to be reconsidered for mixed methods in order to reflect the multiple methods of establishing the research’s trustworthiness. The design of mixed methods used in this study mainly adopted Creswell and Plano Clark’s (2011) follow-up explanations variant of the explanatory sequential design of mixed methods. doi: 10.1186/s4168-y.This paper presents the study’s mixed methods designed to explore how students’ English proficiency, online instructor guidance and online collaboration influence the students’ online learning in an introductory information technology course offered by Hong Kong’s cyber higher education. An overview of using qualitative techniques to explore and define estimates of clinically important change on clinical outcome assessments. Staunton H, Willgoss T, Nelsen L, Burbridge C, Sully K, Rofail D, Arbuckle R. Recommended methods for determining responsiveness and minimally important differences for patient-reported outcomes. Wyrwich KW, Norquist JM, Lenderking WR, Acaster S, Industry Advisory Committee of International Society for Quality of Life Methods for interpreting change over time in patient-reported outcome measures. Therapeutic Innovation Regulatory Science. Interpreting change in scores on patient-reported outcome instruments. This mixed-methods design provides interesting insights for establishing MWIC thresholds of a PRO score in the context of a drug development program.Ītopic dermatitis Meaningful within-patient change Mixed-methods research Multi-stage mixed methods design Sleep disturbance Triangulation.įood Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance for industry patient-reported outcome measures: Use in medical product development to support labeling claims. This research determined MWIC threshold estimates for the SD NRS score in both adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe AD using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Triangulation of results from both quantitative and qualitative approaches suggested that a 2- to 6-point decrease in the SD NRS score change constitutes a preliminary range of MWIC threshold estimates. Quantitative anchor-based and distribution-based approaches supported by qualitative-based approaches were conducted, and results were triangulated to determine preliminary MWIC thresholds of the SD NRS score. In this form of integration, a dataset of secondary priority is embedded within a larger, primary design. For each type of research, an example was created to illustrate how each study. Best Practices for Mixed Methods Research in the Health Sciences Embedding data. Mixed methods research comprises different types of design categories, including explanatory, exploratory, parallel and nested (embedded) designs.2 Table 1 summarises the characteristics of each design, the process used and models of connecting or integrating data. This mixed-methods design used phase IIb data and a stand-alone qualitative study. The Nature and Design of Mixed Methods Research / 6. This research aims to establish a MWIC threshold of the SD NRS score in the context of a drug development program.Īn explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used to address the research objective. A new patient-reported outcome (PRO), a sleep disturbance numerical rating scale (SD NRS), was developed in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Establishing a meaningful within-individual change (MWIC) threshold is a key aspect for interpreting scores used as endpoints for evaluating treatment benefit.
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